Evolution
Test 5

Correct answer Carries: 4.

Wrong Answer Carries: -1.

Which of the following is incorrect?

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium assumes random mating.
Mutation always results in harmful changes.
Darwin’s finches are an example of adaptive radiation.
Genetic drift can lead to evolutionary changes in small populations.
2

Mutations can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral depending on the environment and the type of mutation.

Which of the following statements is correct?

Genetic drift has no impact on small populations.
Coelacanth is a fossil showing the transition from reptiles to mammals.
Homologous organs provide evidence of common ancestry.
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium describes changes in allele frequencies over time.
3

Homologous organs share structural similarity due to common ancestry, even if their functions differ.

Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution?

Wings of birds and bats
Forelimbs of whales and humans
Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita
Vertebrate heart and brain
1

Wings of birds and bats evolved independently but serve the same function, demonstrating convergent evolution.

Which geological period is associated with the first appearance of jawless fish?

Cambrian
Devonian
Ordovician
Silurian
3

Jawless fish first appeared during the Ordovician period, marking an important step in vertebrate evolution.

Which fossil provides evidence for the evolutionary link between reptiles and birds?

Coelacanth
Ichthyosaur
Archaeopteryx
Neanderthal Man
3

Archaeopteryx is a transitional fossil that shows features of both reptiles (teeth and tail) and birds (feathers).

Which scientist proposed that the first life forms originated from pre-existing non-living organic molecules?

Charles Darwin
Louis Pasteur
Oparin and Haldane
Hugo de Vries
3

Oparin and Haldane proposed that the first life forms originated from pre-existing non-living organic molecules through chemical evolution.

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Mutation causes random genetic changes.
Genetic drift is more significant in large populations.
Adaptive radiation leads to species diversification.
Natural selection favors individuals with advantageous traits.
2

Genetic drift is more significant in small populations, where random changes can have a greater impact on allele frequencies.

Which of the following is correct?

Analogous organs have a common evolutionary origin.
Mutations are always disadvantageous.
Natural selection favors individuals with beneficial traits.
Panspermia is the currently accepted theory of origin of life.
3

Natural selection enhances the survival and reproduction of individuals with beneficial traits, leading to evolutionary changes.

Which early theory of life suggested that living organisms arise from non-living matter?

Panspermia
Spontaneous Generation
Biogenesis
Chemical Evolution
2

Spontaneous generation suggested that life could arise from non-living matter, a theory disproved by Louis Pasteur.

Which evolutionary process involves a sudden and large genetic change in a population?

Natural Selection
Gradualism
Saltation
Speciation
3

Saltation refers to a sudden and large genetic change, as proposed by Hugo de Vries in mutation theory.

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