Biological Classification Chapter-Wise Test 18

Fungi are heterotrophic organisms, whereas green plants are autotrophic. Their cell walls also differ: fungal walls contain chitin, while plant cell walls are mainly cellulosic. These differences support their placement in separate kingdoms.

The mycelium of Phycomycetes is aseptate and coenocytic. This means that the hyphae lack cross walls and contain multinucleated cytoplasm within a continuous tube.

Lichens do not grow in polluted areas. Therefore, their absence from a locality can indicate the presence of environmental pollution.

Trypanosoma is a flagellated protozoan. Members of this group may be free-living or parasitic and possess flagella; parasitic forms can cause diseases such as sleeping sickness.

Ciliated protozoans possess numerous cilia. The coordinated movement of rows of cilia steers water carrying food into a cavity called the gullet. Paramoecium is an example.

Methanogens occur in the gut of ruminants such as cows and buffaloes. They are responsible for producing methane, or biogas, from the dung of these animals.

In Ascomycetes, asexual spores called conidia are produced exogenously on special mycelium called conidiophores. Their sexual spores, the ascospores, are produced endogenously inside sac-like asci.

Prions are infectious agents consisting of abnormally folded protein, not DNA. They are associated with neurological diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy, commonly called mad cow disease.

Members of Kingdom Animalia are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes whose cells lack cell walls. They store food reserves as glycogen or fat and generally show holozoic nutrition.

In Basidiomycetes, karyogamy and meiosis occur in the basidium, usually producing four basidiospores. These spores are formed exogenously on the basidium, and the basidia are arranged in basidiocarps.